Internal-combustion engine.



P. n. CALKINS & A. 0. JOHNSON.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 15, 1912.

1,079,741; Patented Nov;25, 1913.

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man/ism unnrnysrnrns PATENT OFFIGE.

FRED n. CALKINS AND ALFRED o. .romvson, or SUNNYVALE, oALIroRtiIA.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

" To all 'uihomit may concern:

Be it knownthat we, FRED D. CA KINs and ALFRED C; Jo NsoN, citizens-"of the United States, and residents of Sunnyvale in the; county of Santa Clara and State 03 California, have invented certain new an useful Improvements in,Internal-Combus- .tion- Engines, of which "the following is a specification.

Our invention is an improvement in internal combustion engines, and'has for its object the provision of simple, inexpensive means for controlling the admission and exhaust of the motive fluid, wherein a continuouslya rotating valve having a large bearing surface is provided, separated-from the explosion chamberof the engine by a water acket-- and arranged to automatically compensate or wear.

' In the drawings, Figure 1 is a sect on on the line 1-1 ot' Fig. 2; Fig. 2 1s a section on the line 22 of'--Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is'a side view of the valve; and Fig. 4 is an end view of the seat or chamber section.

In the present embodiment of the invention, a cylindrical shell 1 is provided, and

the said shell is jacketed at one end, the

upper, as shown at-2, and is seated at its lower end over an opening '3 in the crank case 4. The lower end of the shell is. flanged laterally, as indicated at 5, the flange resting on the crank case Walls, and t e said walls are thickened at the sides to -fo-m a seat 6.

A crank shaft! is journaled in bearings 8 in the end walls of the crank case, and the shaft is provided with a crank9, below the shell, and with a pulley 10, outside of the case. A sprocket wheel 11 is secured to the crank shaft, and a chain 12 connects the Wheel to the valve to be described later; A cylinder 13 is arranged in the shell, the lower end thereof extending into the crank case through the opening 3, and the upper end is closed by a head 14 and the bore of the cylinder is reduced adjacent to the head, as shown at '15. A sparkplug 16 of ordi nary form is threaded into an opening in the cylinder at the reduced portion, and the said plug extends through an opemng 17 in the shell wall.' A Hist-on 18 is'slidable in the main portion 0 the cylinder, and the'said of a rod 19, engaging a transverse pin'2O in the piston at one end andprovided at the other with a sectional bearlng 21, for engaging the crank. p

, The outer face of head 14 is recessed and formed into one section 22 of a hearing or valve chamber forthe valve 23, and the other section 2 1 of the bearing or c-hamber is securedito the end of the cylinderbybolts or capscrews 25.- The shell 1 extends beyond the section 22 of the bearing, and the said section is provided with alined ports v 2626 extending longitudinally of the valve (Fig. 4:). The outer section ofthe chamber or bearing is jacketed, as shown at 27, and is provided with-alined ports 28,

28 registering with ports 26, 26 of the inner section. The outer section is also provided with approximately parallel trans- Patented Nov. 25,1913.

piston is connected to the crank 9 by ineans verse ports or passages 29, 29 for placing the ports 28 and 28 in communication with the exhaust and inlet manifolds respectively. The valve 23 is in the shape of aicylinder or drum, and is rotatable in the chamber. The valve is provided at one end with a head {.30 extending. beyond the periphery of the drum, and" seating against the end of the chamber or bearing to seal the said end. The valve is provided with an annular series 31 of sprocket teeth at the opposite end'for engagement. by a chain 12, to rotate the valve, and the valve extends beyond the adjacent end of the chamber or bearing to bring the series 31. of teeth into {the same plane with wheel l1. The "valve is "also provided with two transverse ports 32and 32 extending. diametrically of the valve, and arranged at an angle toeach other; so that the ends of the ports are spaced apart am gularly from each others The ports 32 and 32 are designed to connect ports 26 and 28' and ports 2(3"- -28 respectively, twice'during each complete rotation of the valve.

The passages 29 and-'29 open atFopposite ends of the valve chamber, the former being the exhaust and the latter the intake port. The inner section 22 of the valve chamber is integral with the cylinder 13, and, the cylinder is movable longitudinally of the shell and the cylinder and bearing section'are pressed toward the outer section by means of an elbow lever composed of arms 34'and 35, and pivoted at 36 in the crank case. But. one elbow lever is shown,-

but preferably several are provided, and the arms 34 and are of resilient material so that While the bearing or chamber sections are pressed together, there may be some yielding. One arm 34: of each lever engages the lower edge of the cylinder and a set screw 37 is threaded through a hearing 38'inthe crank case and engages the arm 35. A lock nut 39 is provided for looking the screw in adjusted position, and it will be obvious that the pressure against the section may be regulated by the set screw. The hearing or chamber section 22 does not engage section 24, the said'section seating against the end of the shell, and the bearing or chamber sections are spaced apart, as shown at; 40 in Fig. 1. Wear of the valve or hearing section may thus be compensated for. The piston as shown in I Figs. 1 and 2 is at the limit of its outward stroke, and the outer end thereof is near the inner end of the reduced portion of the cylinder bore. An explosion chamber 41 is thus provided between the piston and the head 14.

In operation, the valve is rotated continuously from the crank shaft,'and twice during each rotation, port or passage 32 connects inlet port 29 with port 26* to admit a charge to the explosion chamber. The charge is drawn into the cylinder as the piston moves down and the return stroke of the piston compresses the charge which is ignited as the piston starts on its working stroke. On the return from the working stroke, the exhaust charge is driven out through 'ports 26-32 and 29, the ports 26 and 29 being connected at the time through port or passage 32. The engine is a fourcycle engine, and the valve has a large hearing surface, so that Wear is reduced to a minimum. 1 The valve does not become heated on account of the Water jacket between the explosion chamber and the valve. The

valve is also automatically compensating, all wear being immediately taken up by the der in the shell, said cylinder extending into the crank case, and having its outer end recessed to form one section of a bearing, an

outer bearing section secured to the outer end of the shell and cooperating "with the inner section to form a cylindrical valve chamber, said sect-ions being spaced apart, a cylindrical valve in the chamber and extending beyond the same at each end, a head at one end of the valve fitting-against the end of the chamber, a ring of teeth on the other end of the valve, a sprocket wheel on the crank shaft, a chain connecting the wheel to the ring, said sections each having a pair of alined ports extending longitudinally of the valve and registering with the ports of the other section, an the valve having diametrical passages for connecting the registering ports of the sections, a piston in the cylinder, a connection between the piston and the crank shaft, and means for pressing the cylinder outwardly toward the valve, said means comprising an elbow lever pivoted in the crank case and having resilient arms arranged at an angle to each other, one of said arms engaging the inner end of th cylinder, and a set screw threaded throng the crank case and engaging the other arm. i

2. An engine of the character specified, comprising a shell having open ends, a crank case at the lower end of the shell, a crank shaft journaled in the case,.a cylinder in the shell, said cylinder extending into the crank case, and having its outerend recessed to form one section of a bearing, an outer bearing section secured to the outer end of the shell and cooperating with the inner section to form a cylindrical valve chamber, said sections being spaced apart, a cylindrical valve in the chamber and extending beyond the same at each end, a head at one end of the valve fitting against the end of the chamber, a ring of teeth on the other end of the valve, a sprocket wheel on the crank shaft, a chain connecting the wheel to the ring, said sections each having a pair of alined ports extending longitudinally of the valve and registering with the ports of the other section, and the valve havingdiametrical passages for connecting the registering ports of the sections, a piston in the cylinder, a connection between the piston and the crankshaft, and means for pressing the cylinder outwardly toward the valve, and means for adjusting the pressure of thesaid means.

3. An engine comprising a shell and a crank case, a cylinder in the shell and extending into the crank case, the outer end of the cylinder being recessed on itsouter face to form the inner section of a cylindrical valve chamber having its axis at right angles to the axis of the cylinder, an outer section connected to the end of the shell and spaced apart from the inner-section. a cylindrical valve in the chamber, said sections having registering alined longitudiengaging the inner end of the cylinder, an

I adjustable set screw engaging the other arm of the lever, a piston in the'cylinder, and a driving connection between the piston and the valve for rotating said valve.

4. An engine comprising a shell and a crank case, a cylinder in the shell and extending into the crank case, the outer end of the cylinder being recessed on its outer face to form the inner section of a cylindrical valve chamber having its axis at rightvangles to the axis of the cylinder, an outer section connected to the end of the shell and spaced apart'from the inner section, a cylindrical valve in the chamber, said sections having registering alined Ion gitudinally extending ports, and the valve having passages arranged at an angle to each other for connecting the registering ports, yielding means normally pressing the cylinder toward the outer. sections, and means for varyingthe tension of the-said means, a piston in the cylinder, and a con nection between the rotating said valve.

5. In an engine, the combination with the shell having open ends and the piston, of a cylinder between the shell and the piston, a cylindrical valve chamber at the outer end of-the shell, said chamber having its axis at right angles to the axis of the cylinder and being composed of inner and outer sections spaced apart from each other, the inner section being integral with the cylinder, and

piston and the valve for the outer section being secured to the shell,

yielding means pressing the sections together, and means for varying the tension of the said means.

6. In an engine, the combination with the shell having open ends and the. piston, of a cylinder between the shell and the piston, a cylimlrical valve chamber at the outer end of the shell, said chamber having its axis at right angles to the axis of the cylinder and composed of inner and outer sections, the

outer section being secured to the shell and the inner section to the cylinder, yielding means pressing the cylinder toward the outer section, means for varying the pressure of the said means, and a valve rotatable in the chamber and operated by the piston.

7. In an engine, the combination with the shell having open ends and the piston, of a cylinder between the shell and the piston, a cylindrical valve chamber at the outer end of the shell, said chamber having its axis at right angles to the axis of the cylinder and composed of inner and outer sections, the outer section being secured to the shell .and the inner section to the cylinder, yielding means pressing the cylinder toward the outer right angles thereto, a valve rotatable in the chamber, said chamber being composed of sections spaced apart from each other, a' cylinder between the piston and'the shell,

one section'of the chamber being connected to the cylinder and the other to the shell,

yielding means pressing the cylinder towardthe outer section, and means or varying the pressure of the said means.

9. In an engine, the combination with the shell and the piston, of a cylindrical valve .chamber at the outer end of the shell and at right angles thereto, a valve rotatable in the chamber, said chamber being composed of sections spaced apart from each other, a cylinder between the piston and the shell, one section of the chamber being connected to the cylinder and the other to the shell, and yielding means pressing the cylinder and the chamber section connected therewith toward the chamber section connected to the cylinder. Y

10. In an engine, the combination with the shelland the piston, of a valve chamber at the outer end of the shell, a valve rotatable in: the chamber, said chamber being 'composed of sections spaced apart from each other, a cylinder between the piston and the shell, one section of the chamber being connected to the cylinder and the other to the shell, and yielding means pressing the cylinder and the chamber section connected therewith toward the chamber section connected with the shell.

11. An engine comprising a shell, a cylindrical valve chamber arranged at one endof the shelland having its axis at right angles to that of the shell, a'cylindrical valve in the chamber, said valve having a marginal flange at; one end fittingv against the .end of. the chamber, and being rovided with an an nular series of teeth at t 1e other end, a crank shaft, a piston in the shell connected to the shaft, a sprocket wheel on the crank shaft, a chain connecting the wheel. to the teeth of the valve, said chamber having a pair of oppositely arranged registering exhaust and inletports leading into the chamber and from the chamber to the shell, the valve having diametrical passages for connecting the pairs of registering ports, a cylinder between the piston and the shell, the chamber being composed of sections spaced apart from each other, one section being connected to the .shell and the other to the cylinder, and yield- & v 1,079,741

ing means pressing the. cylinder toward the inner section toward the outer section, said outer section. means being adjustable to vary the ress'ure.

12. In an explosion engine, a cylindenen FRED D. CALKI S. inner bearing section connected to the cylin- ALFRED C. JOHNSON. 5 der, a shell inclosing the cylinder, anouter Witnesses:

bearing section connected to the shell, and J. S. MQCHBEE,

resilient means pressing the cylinder and the GLADYs M. BEVERLY. 

